A dab rig is a type of water pipe specifically designed for vaporizing and inhaling concentrated cannabis extracts, commonly referred to as "dabs." Here's a description of a typical dab rig and how it's used:

1. Structure: A dab rig resembles a traditional water pipe or bong but is typically smaller and more compact. It consists of several components:

   • Water Chamber: The base of the dab rig holds water, which serves as a filtration system for the vapor.
   • Nail or Banger: The nail or banger is the heating element where the concentrated cannabis extract is vaporized. It's usually made of quartz, titanium, ceramic, or glass.
   • Dome (Optional): Some dab rigs feature a dome, which is a glass hood that fits over the nail to capture and contain the vapor.
   • Dab Tool: A dab tool, typically made of metal or glass, is used to handle and manipulate the concentrated cannabis extract.
   • Torch: A butane torch or electric heating element is used to heat the nail to the appropriate temperature for vaporization.

2. Heating Method: To use a dab rig, the nail is heated using a torch until it reaches the desired temperature, typically between 315°F and 900°F (157°C and 482°C) depending on the concentrate being used. Once the nail is heated, a small amount of concentrated cannabis extract (a dab) is placed onto the hot surface using the dab tool.

3. Vaporization: The concentrated cannabis extract immediately vaporizes upon contact with the hot nail, producing a flavorful vapor that is inhaled through the mouthpiece of the dab rig.

4. Filtration: As the vapor travels through the water chamber of the dab rig, it is cooled and filtered, resulting in a smoother and more enjoyable inhalation experience.

5. Types of Concentrates: Dab rigs are commonly used to vaporize various types of cannabis concentrates, including wax, shatter, budder, crumble, and live resin. These concentrates are highly potent and contain high levels of THC and other cannabinoids.

6. Portability: While traditional dab rigs are designed for use at home, portable dab rigs are also available for on-the-go use. These portable dab rigs are typically smaller in size and may feature rechargeable batteries or electronic heating elements instead of torches.

Overall, dab rigs offer a convenient and efficient way to consume concentrated cannabis extracts, providing users with potent effects and flavorful vapor. However, it's essential to use caution when handling torches and hot surfaces, and to start with small dab sizes to avoid overconsumption. Additionally, regular cleaning and maintenance of the dab rig are necessary to ensure optimal performance and flavor.